Save energy.The effectiveness of the use of energy resources.

Energy saving today is one of the priority areas of politics and companies focusing on dynamic development, both about reducing the cost of production of their own main products and in the general orientation of government programs to reduce the load on production capacity.Energy conservation is one of the most important tasks for any business that is especially facing businesses today, in the economic crisis.The technological and economic characteristics of consumer heat supply are directly related to the object - heat energy.However, this is not the only factor that affects the specific details.Effective energy conservation can significantly reduce production costs and thus increase its competitiveness in the market.

There are a large number of different methods to enhance the rational use of existing energy sources and capacity.And the sooner the business starts to introduce energy -saving technologies, it will feel the positive effect of these events, which will be shown in specific financial indicators."Regarding energy conservation and increasing energy efficiency and modifying certain legislative acts."The law sets the tasks to implement measures to reduce energy costs, namely:

• From January 1, 2010, a budget organization is obliged to ensure decrease in conditions equivalent to the volume of water consumed by it, natural gas, fuel oil, diesel oil and other fuel, thermal energy, electrical energy for at least fifteen percent that he really consumed in 2009
• Until January 1, 2011, the owner of the buildings, structures, structures and other objects, during the process of using energy resources, is required to complete the equipment of those objects by measuring the equipment of the used water, natural gas, heat energy, electrical energy, as well as operating measuring devices installed in operation;
• Until May 15, 2010, organizations with the participation of the State, including state organizations and cities were required to accept energy conservation programs and increase energy efficiency;
• Organizations with the participation of the State, including state organizations and cities, are obliged to organize and conduct the first energy inspection until December 31, 2012, the next energy survey - at least once a year.

Energy saving as a way to provide increasing demand for energy resources and energy is 2-5 times higher than the construction of new capacity to produce heat and electricity for the same purpose.For our population, the high growth rate of internal energy prices and energy materials to support and develop fuel and energy complex is unacceptable, because labor productivity and payment are much lower than the most developed countries.The price growth rate should not exceed the growth rate of labor productivity.On the other hand, inflation will increase in the water to the level of energy carriers increasing.The global economic crisis erupted, capturing the world almost no trace, especially with special importance with an increase in energy efficiency, because each ruble invested in the production of high -efficient equipment creating a job 8 times higher than the ruble to invest in energy production.The concept of energy increase in the country's economy should include 4 parts:

• energy conservation programs;
• Energy price stability (which trust and interdependence will be guaranteed among manufacturers, consumers and energy resources);
• increase the role of atomic renewable energy and have no conditions;
• Develop new energy technologies.

In recent years, the fundamental changes have occurred in our country, requiring changes in approach and psychology, making new decisions basically.The most important thing among them includes: a) The main change in the legal field;b) Continue to liberate in the electrical industry and electric gas;c) Implementing national projects;d) The appearance of global shortage of energy capacity and capacity of the network economy;e) Restrictions on hydrocarbon.

The effectiveness of the use of energy resources

Large modern businesses are interested in reducing product costs to attract customers.And to reduce costs, the entire production chain should be reorganized, the effectiveness of the use of energy resources is tested.This is very important, because different energy sources are used in production.It may be electricity, heat and other resources.For more efficient use, there are different methods.First of all, it is necessary to solve a psychological problem, which is a serious obstacle to the electrical economy, that is, workers are not interested in the use of economic resources.Another problem is the non -preparation of business managers to reorganize the entire production process to effectively use energy resources.Therefore, the process of reducing energy costs achieved in different ways:

• Reorganize businesses and all production;
• Rebirth according to the stage of the production process;
• Determining energy conservation potential;
• implement programs to effectively use energy resources;
• Periodic technology survey of businesses.

In large enterprises with their energy conservation experts, energy audit programs are self -compiled with the participation of experts from regional energy conservation centers.In medium and medium -sized enterprises, energy audit programs are developed by experts from regional or republican energy conservation centers.These programs should have several stages:

Evaluate energy conservation potential.At this stage, a detailed test on the energy consumption of all large energy consumers, seminars and all businesses for at least 5 years before the year was tested.Data processed on computers and mathematical energy consumption models are built.The second type is necessary to consider the dependence of energy consumption on performance, temperature, quality of raw materials, etc.After processing the survey results, the database was created, including the following information:

• Consumption of basic energy sources (fuel, electricity, heat and water), both absolute and specific, assigned to the unit of the main types of products;
• Consumption of basic energy sources for the same attitude, seminars and businesses of this industry abroad (helping to establish a situation with energy agreements at an analyzed enterprise: good, medium, bad, very bad);
• The potential of energy conservation, expressed by nature (kw · h, gj, t) and currency calculation;
• The main ways to reduce energy costs in domestic and foreign enterprises and foreign enterprises (methods of achievement, cost, capital refund time, etc.).

Typically, control inspection allows the determination of immediately energy -saving reserve (for example: improper operation of electric light, low equipment load, heat loss and large electricity, etc.).In most cases, control survey data is necessary to develop energy saving strategy.Accounting organization for energy consumption.Studies show that an accurate organization of energy consumption accounting can save 5 ... 10 % of energy resources without additional measures.The best results are achieved when organizing an energy center at Enterprise, which holds a central computer with suitable software, data network transmits of energy consumption and main devices (meters and sensors).

Depending on the size of the business and energy consumption values, these factors of the energy center should be selected.Therefore, for large enterprises (metallurgical, chemicals, cars), it is advisable to create complex and expensive energy centers.A relatively cheap computer with simple software is suitable for small businesses.Therefore, the organization of control of energy resources is the first and most important step for their reasonable management:

• the identification of seminars and parts of revenge on energy resources in the enterprise;
• Serial details of accounts issued by businesses with energy supply organizations;
• Identify the most effective operating modes of the device and maintain these modes as much time as possible;
• A strict quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of different energy saving measures in nature (GJ, KWNC, etc.) and currency terms.

Develop and take measures to reduce TED consumption. Despite the difference in the structure of industrial plants and their operating methods, the ability to conserve potential energy is similar.They can be grouped in the following categories:

• Operating and maintenance strategy;
• The strategy of modernizing equipment and technological processes;
• The strategy to replace existing equipment with a new technology, less energy and introduce new technologies.

For example, the current energy consumption of the enterprise is accepted for the original state before implementing the energy conservation program.Then, based on the analysis of existing capabilities, the control data is set to reduce energy consumption at the end of each stage of the energy conservation program.An important aspect of the program implementation is the issue of promoting employees of businesses to implement it.Information about the energy conservation program should be in the form of access that is given to all performers involved.All program operators should know that they will receive real rewards in its performance.When developing energy saving measures on PP, it must be remembered that there are the following saving areas:

• Save ter by improving energy supply;
• Save TED by improving energy -use.

These measures are developed by electrical engineers.The main ones are:

The right choice of the person who carries energy.Each process requires such an energy supplier to provide the largest economic and energy efficiency.For example, for kilns and heating plants, fuel and electric heating should be used directly;For equipment forging and pressing equipment, electricity, compressed air and steam (if it is available at Enterprise).The type of energy is selected by comparing the options and comprehensive analysis of the following factors:

• Requirements from technology (changing product quality, consumption of raw materials, etc.);
• Economic difference in design and operating conditions of the device;
• energy comparison costs;
• the available equipment;
• The time needed to replace the device;
• Economic efficiency of Ver use, the cost of environmental measures.

The cost of the options is being reviewed by the expression z = emergency + Ip+ eudpzud.e - σΔzIThen

In which, KP is the capital cost for installing this technology without taking into account the Ver installation cost;IP - operating costs without energy components;EUD - Specific consumption of energy resources;P - Producing annual products;Zud - specific energy costs above;I - The effectiveness of using ver.For existing businesses, the evaluation of comparative options for the current energy tax rate is allowed if the costs of events are insured from the business fund.

1. Reduce the number of energy changes.Because each energy transformation is related to losses, the at least consistent transformation that energy experiences, the overall efficiency is higher.It is economically, for example, should replace electric pneumatic air everywhere that can follow technological conditions.
2. Develop reasonable energy saving plans.The energy conservation diagram of the factory is a complex complex in which the individual energy -carrying substances depend on each other and can often be swapped for each other.The development of a comprehensive energy program, linked to technology and takes into account the technological essential parameters of all energy network operators, will reveal economical reserves and show their sequence.
3. Automation of energy suppliers.This includes measures such as automation of heating units, boilers, transformer stations and television introduction and automatic control of the energy parameters of different engines and assemblies.
4. Improve energy quality.Any change in the parameters of energy resources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfur, ash, electricity quality, etc.) lead to a decline in product quality and excessive energy resources.

Loss of heat energy is classified into technology;commercial belongings;urgent.This index was calculated at the enterprise for a heating season, taking into account production costs and climatic conditions last year.The loss rate depends on the nature of the network, graph temperature, pressure, atmospheric temperature.